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Bahrain is a small island nation located in the Persian Gulf in Western Asia. Comprising an archipelago of 33 islands with a total area of just 765 square kilometers, Bahrain is one of the smallest countries in Asia. With a population of approximately 1.6 million people, it is also one of the most densely populated nations in the world. The capital city, Manama, is the country's largest urban center and serves as a major financial hub in the Middle East. Bahrain gained independence from British protection in 1971 and is a constitutional monarchy ruled by the Al Khalifa royal family.

Bahrain's geography consists of low-lying desert terrain with the highest point reaching only 134 meters above sea level at Jabal ad Dukhan (Mountain of Smoke). The main island, Bahrain Island, accounts for most of the country's land area and is connected to Saudi Arabia by the King Fahd Causeway, a 25-kilometer bridge completed in 1986. The country has been expanding its territory through land reclamation projects. Bahrain experiences an arid climate with extremely hot, humid summers and mild winters. The country has limited natural freshwater resources and relies heavily on desalination plants. Despite being small, Bahrain's strategic location in the Persian Gulf has made it historically important for trade and pearl diving.

Bahrain's economy was traditionally dependent on pearl diving until the discovery of oil in 1932, making it the first Gulf state to discover petroleum. Today, although oil and natural gas still contribute significantly to the economy, Bahrain has successfully diversified more than its neighbors. With a GDP per capita of approximately $23,000, the country has developed strong banking and financial services sectors, becoming a regional financial center. Manufacturing, particularly aluminum production through Alba (one of the world's largest aluminum smelters), is important. Tourism has grown, with visitors attracted to the country's Formula 1 Grand Prix, ancient archaeological sites, and modern shopping centers. The government continues to promote economic diversification through its Economic Vision 2030 program.

Bahraini culture blends traditional Arab, Islamic, and cosmopolitan influences. Arabic is the official language, though English is widely spoken, especially in business. The population is predominantly Muslim, with both Shia and Sunni communities. Bahrain has a rich history dating back to ancient Dilmun civilization, with the Bahrain Fort and burial mounds designated as UNESCO World Heritage sites. The country is known for its relatively liberal social policies compared to some Gulf neighbors. Traditional pearl diving heritage remains an important part of cultural identity, though the industry declined with the advent of cultured pearls. Bahraini cuisine features dishes like machboos and muhammar, and the country celebrates both Islamic holidays and Formula 1 events. The National Museum and the Tree of Life are popular cultural attractions showcasing Bahrain's heritage and natural wonders.

Major Cities

• Manama - The capital with 565,000 people, Bahrain's financial and commercial center with modern skyline and traditional souqs
• Muharraq - Second-largest city with 200,000 people, former capital and home to Bahrain International Airport
• Riffa - Residential city with 120,000 people, known for Riffa Fort and as home to the royal family
• Hamad Town - Planned city with 55,000 people, a large residential area developed in the 1980s
• Isa Town - Central city with 45,000 people, named after the former emir and a major residential area

Interesting Facts

• Bahrain was the first Gulf state to discover oil in 1932, transforming its economy from pearl diving to petroleum
• The King Fahd Causeway connects Bahrain to Saudi Arabia via a 25-kilometer bridge completed in 1986
• Bahrain hosts an annual Formula 1 Grand Prix at the Bahrain International Circuit, the first F1 race in the Middle East
• The Tree of Life is a 400-year-old mesquite tree standing alone in the desert with no apparent water source
• Ancient Dilmun civilization in Bahrain dates back 5,000 years and was an important trading center
• Bahrain is one of the most densely populated countries in the world with over 2,000 people per square kilometer